The Brenneke slug is available in a number of normal shotgun calibres, but 12 bore and 0.410" calibre are probably the most popular. The sharp shoulder and flat front of the Brenneke mean that its external ballistics restrict it to short-range use as it does not retain its velocity well. Since the Brenneke slug is solid, rather than hollow like the Foster slug, the Brenneke will generally deform less on impact and provide deeper penetration. The fins or rifling is easily deformed to pass through choked shotgun barrels and do not impart any significant stabilizing spin on the projectile. This wad serves both as a gas seal and as a form of drag stabilization, much like the mass-forward design of the Foster slug. There was a plastic, felt or cellulose fibre wad screwed to the base that remains attached after firing. The original Brenneke slug was a solid lead projectile with fins cast onto the outside, much like a modern rifled Foster slug (see Figure 2.10). The Brenneke slug was developed by the German gun and ammunition designer Wilhelm Brenneke (1865-1951) in 1898. Some saboted slugs use fins or a lightweight plastic portion at the rear of the missile to provide stability from smooth-bores.
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More modern weapons can have rifling at the end of the barrel or along its full length.ĭue to the reduced drag and high initial velocity, saboted slugs have significant advantages in external ballistics over a normal shotgun slug. Originally, these were called Paradox weapons and had a short length of rifling at the muzzle end of the barrel. They are generally designed to be fired from a special rifled shotgun barrel to spin stabilize the missile. Saboted slugs are sub-calibre missiles which have a discarding plastic collar surrounding the missile to bring it up to standard calibre. This is due to the fact that the pressure required to compress the slug through the choke will eventually flare the end of the barrel thus reducing the degree of choke. Whilst it is generally accepted that shotgun slugs do not have to be fired through a cylinder barrel, it is not recommended that full choke barrels be used. The cupped base also expands on firing producing a seal with the bore. Foster slugs are also made with rifling-type grooves cast into the outside of the missile. This was basically a short round- nosed bullet with a deep cup in the base. The cast rifling has little or no effect in spinning the projectile as it passes through the air.Īnother early design was the Foster slug. The wad provides drag stabilization by moving the centre of mass forwards. The original Brenneke slug overcame these problems via the use of a solid lead, pre- rifled projectile with an attached plastic, felt or cellulose fibre wad. Being elongated, it is also preferable for the missile to be spin stabilized to prevent it from tumbling. To enhance a slug's performance, both externally and terminally, it requires to be elongated and to have its centre of mass moved forwards. However, a smooth-bored shotgun firing a round ball is essentially a musket with its inherent short range and accuracy problems. Since it is a symmetrical projectile, it will not significantly deviate from its intended path if it begins to spin due to air pressure. The simplest form of slug is a round ball (sometimes referred to in the United States as a pumpkin ball or pumpkin shot). Shotgun slug ammunition is available in most of the common shotgun calibres. A shotgun slug is a single projectile primarily designed to be fired from a smooth-bored shotgun.
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